Tracking long-term change along the U.S.’s major coastlines
Ocean Acidification Research Cruises
Our cruises bring together ocean acidification researchers from across the region to supply coastwide the highest-quality information on ocean conditions.
Our Coastal Ocean Acidification Research Cruises
We support ocean acidification research cruises to provide highes-quality information on ocean conditions.
NOAA’s Ocean Acidification Program supports coastal and ocean acidification research cruises along the U.S.’s major coastlines. These essential cruises supply coastwide climate-quality information on ocean conditions. More recent cruises collect and connect biology and ecology to the biogeochemistry of these marine ecosystems.
The information from these research cruises, which generally occur on a 4-year cycle for each coastline, help us track long-term ocean change and evaluate our monitoring network of buoys, gliders, and other tools. They serve as an anchor for research in the region not only by collecting these data, but by bringing together ocean acidification researchers from across the region and beyond.
What We're Measuring
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC)
Water Chemistry
The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) tells us how much carbon dioxide is in seawater. Sampling on ocean acidification research cruises expands an important time-series of marine carbon dioxide levels. This information helps us understand ocean carbonate chemistry and biological productivity in the region. On ECOA-3, NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) measured pCO2 using an underway system that continuously takes high-quality measurements during the cruise.
Partial Pressure of Co2 (PCO2)
Water Chemistry
The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) tells us how much carbon dioxide is in seawater. Sampling on ocean acidification research cruises expands an important time-series of marine carbon dioxide levels. This information helps us understand ocean carbonate chemistry and biological productivity in the region. On ECOA-3, NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) measured pCO2 using an underway system that continuously takes high-quality measurements during the cruise.Increases in carbon dioxide (known as CO2) in the atmosphere drive corresponding increases in dissolved CO2 within the surface waters of our ocean. This dissolved CO2 reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid breaks apart to form bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and hydrogen ions (H+). Hydrogen ions (H+) act like free agents. And while the ocean is not acidic, these free agent hydrogen ions cause the seawater to become more acidic. We measure this using pH (H represents hydrogen ions). The free agent hydrogen ions also react with carbonate ions (CO32-) to form bicarbonate (HCO3-), making carbonate ions relatively less abundant.
Oxygen (O2)
Water Chemistry
Oxygen is a core measurement taken on coastal and ocean acidification research cruises. Like animals on land, marine life requires sufficient oxygen to live. Ocean oxygen is considered a co-stressor to ocean acidification. Both low oxygen and acidification increase stress on marine life, and they often occur at the same times and places, creating a greater burden for socio-economically important species. On ECOA-3, researchers from the University of Miami researched more about how ocean biogeochemistry controls oxygen saturation. Oxygen is measured onboard using the Winkler titration method.
Plankton & Harmful Algal Blooms
Ecosystem Health
Plankton are microscopic organisms that make up the base of the ocean food web. We measure these tiny plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton) to monitor their community dynamics and interactions with ocean change. Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) occur when certain types of plankton grow out of control and cause severe effects to coastal resources. We monitor for HAB species in our coastal oceans to better understand their relationship with ocean acidification.
Sediment
Ecosystem Health
Sediments contribute importantly to biogeochemical cycles and remain understudied. On ECOA-3, scientists from the University of Connecticut, Avery Point collected sediments from the seafloor to better understand carbon exchange between seawater and seafloor with the help of bacteria, plankton and other marine life. This was the first time for these in depth sediment analyses on an ECOA cruise.
Take a deep dive with the sediment corer from ECOA-3 >
Nutrients
Ecosystem Health
Nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate are major inorganic nutrients that control primary production and carbon movement in the ocean. Together with the measurements of inorganic carbon, researchers will estimate the effect of riverine input, air-sea CO2 exchange, biological productivity, and carbon exchange on the coastal carbon dynamics.
Ocean Optics
VErification of Observations
Satellites complement monitoring in the water. Measurements of light in the ocean collected during daylight hours while sampling water directly enable comparisons between the different types of data. This work supports the calibration and validation of sensors on join NOAA and NASA supported satellites. Furthermore, this information helps validate satellite-based sensors for ocean carbon and better quantify the relationships between salinity and organic (life-based) and inorganic carbon. Some of the parameters collected are colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), chlorophyll (green pigments from plankton), and salinity.
Ocean Acidification Cruise Resources
See our resource repositories for each ocean acidification research cruise including cruise photos and video.
Ocean Acidification Cruise Repositories
OAP-sponsored cruise data can be found in the OCADS data portal. Search for the cruise name (e.g. “GOMECC” or “EcoMon”) in the “additional terms” box to find full, quality controlled data sets from each mission.
Ocean Acidification Cruise Science Priority Guidance
The OA Cruise Science Priority Guidance for fiscal years 2026-2029 outlines a standardized framework for OAP survey cruises to ensure consistent high-quality data collection across the East Coast (ECOA), West Coast (WCOA), and Gulf regions (GOMECC).
Cruises by Region
East Coast
The East Coast Acidification Cruise (ECOA) cover fishing grounds for the nation’s most valuable fisheries, potential siting for wind energy projects, and other important navigational and ecological areas.
West Coast
The West Coast Ocean Acidification Cruise (WCOA) surveys the carbon system along the U.S. west coast from British Columbia, Canada to San Diego, California.
Southeast Atlantic & Gulf
The Gulf and Ocean Monitoring of Ecosystems and Carbon Cruise (GOMECC) surveys the carbon system along the coastal waters of the Gulf of America (formerly known as the Gulf of Mexico).
Caribbean
The National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) cruises monitor the status and trends of coral reef ecosystems in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico.
Alaska & Arctic
The Gulf of Alaska OA Cruise (GAKOA) and Bering Arctic Subarctic Integrated Survey (BASIS) research cruises are collaborative NOAA missions focused on collecting high-quality ocean carbon data across critical Alaskan and Bering Sea fisheries.
Pacific Islands
The Rainier Integrates Charting, Hydrography, and Reef Demographics (RICHARD) missions and regular National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) research cruises assess and map coral reef habitat in the Pacific Islands.


