We synthesize the current peer-reviewed literature on Gulf of Mexico (GOM) acidification across the ocean-estuarine continuum and identify critical knowledge, research, and monitoring gaps that limit our current understanding of environmental, ecological, and socioeconomic impacts from acidification.•
The GOM remains a relatively understudied region with respect to ocean acidification (OA), particularly with respect to regionally important organism and ecosystem responses.•
Within the GOM, OA is spatially variable and numerous physical and biogeochemical processes contribute collectively to carbonate chemistry dynamics.