Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Journal Name: Evolutionary Applications

Open Ocean Versus Upwelling Regimes: Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes and pCO2 Inter-Annual Variability in the Southern California Current System
Citation: Frazão, H.C., Send, U., Sutton, A.J., Ohman, M.D., Lankhorst, M., Martz, T. R., & Sevadjian,J.(2025). Open ocean versus upwelling regimes: Air‐sea CO2 fluxes and pCO2 inter‐annual variability in the Southern California Current System. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 130, e2024JC022126. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022126
Read Summary >
OOI Biogeochemical Sensor Data Best Practices and User Guide. Version 1.1.1. [GOOS ENDORSED PRACTICE]
  • Hilary I. Palevsky, Sophie Clayton, Dariia Atamanchuk, Roman Battisti, Jennifer Batryn, Annie Bourbonnais, Ellen M. Briggs, Filipa Carvalho, Alison P. Chase, Rachel Eveleth, Rob Fatland, Kristen E. Fogaren, Jonathan Peter Fram, Susan E. Hartman, Isabela Le Bras, Cara C. M. Manning, Joseph A. Needoba, Merrie Beth Neely, Hilde Oliver, Andrew C. Reed, Jennie E. Rheuban, Christina Schallenberg, Michael F. Vardaro, Ian Walsh, Christopher Wingard
  • Ocean Observatories Initiative, Biogeochemical Sensor Data Working Group
  • July 1, 2023
Citation: Palevsky, H.I., Clayton, S., Atamanchuk, D., Battisti, R., Batryn, J., Bourbonnais, A., et al (2023) OOI Biogeochemical Sensor Data: Best Practices & User Guide, Version 1.1.1. Ocean Observatories Initiative, Biogeochemical Sensor Data Working Group, 135pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25607/OBP-1865.2
Read Summary >
On the Frontline: Tracking Ocean Acidification in an Alaskan Shellfish Hatchery
  • Wiley Evans, Jeremy T. Mathis ,Jacqueline Ramsay, Jeff Hetrick
  • PLOS One
  • July 1, 2015
Citation: Evans W, Mathis JT, Ramsay J, Hetrick J (2015) On the Frontline: Tracking Ocean Acidification in an Alaskan Shellfish Hatchery. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0130384. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130384
Read Summary >
Ocean sound levels in the northeast Pacific recorded from an autonomous underwater glider
  • Joseph H. Haxel, Haru Matsumoto, Christian Meinig, Gabriella Kalbach, T.-K. Lau, Robert P. Dziak, Scott Stalin
  • PLOS One
  • November 20, 2019
Citation: Haxel JH, Matsumoto H, Meinig C, Kalbach G, Lau T-K, Dziak RP, et al. (2019) Ocean sound levels in the northeast Pacific recorded from an autonomous underwater glider. PLoS ONE 14(11): e0225325. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225325
Read Summary >
Ocean Futures Under Ocean Acidification, Marine Protection, and Changing Fishing Pressures Explored Using a Worldwide Suite of Ecosystem Models
  • Erik Olsen, Isaac C. Kaplan, Cameron Ainsworth, Gavin Fay, Sarah Gaichas, Robert Gamble, Raphael Girardin, Cecilie H. Eide, Thomas F. Ihde, Hem Nalini Morzaria-Luna, Kelli F. Johnson, Marie Savina-Rolland, Howard Townsend, Mariska Weijerman, Elizabeth A. Fulton, Jason S. Link
  • Frontiers in Marine Science
  • February 28, 2018
Citation: Olsen, E., Kaplan, I. C., Ainsworth, C., Fay, G., Gaichas, S., Gamble, R., Girardin, R., Eide, C. H., Ihde, T. F., Morzaria-Luna, H. N., Johnson, K. F., Savina-Rolland, M., Townsend, H., Weijerman, M., Fulton, E. A., & Link, J. S. (2018). Ocean Futures Under Ocean Acidification, Marine Protection, and Changing Fishing Pressures Explored Using a Worldwide Suite of Ecosystem Models. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, 64. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00064
Read Summary >
Ocean carbonate system computation for anoxic waters using an updated CO2SYS program
Citation: Xu, Y.-Y., Pierrot, D., & Cai, W.-J. (2017). Ocean carbonate system computation for anoxic waters using an updated CO2SYS program. Marine Chemistry, 195, 90-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.07.002
Read Summary >

Forecasts for Alaska Fisheries

Crab pots and fishing nets in Alaska's Dutch Harbor
Image credit: Michael Theberge

Understanding seasonal changes in ocean acidification in Alaskan waters and the potential impacts to the multi-billion-dollar fishery sector is a main priority. Through work funded by NOAA’s Ocean Acidification Program, the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory developed a model capable of depicting past ocean chemistry conditions for the Bering Sea and is now testing the ability of this model to forecast future conditions. This model is being used to develop an ocean acidification indicator provided to fisheries managers in the annual NOAA Eastern Bering Sea Ecosystem Status Report.

ADAPTING TO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION

The NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) works to prepare society to adapt to the consequences of ocean acidification and conserve marine ecosystems as acidification occurs. Learn more about the human connections and adaptation strategies from these efforts.

Adaptation approaches fostered by the OAP include:

FORECASTING

Using models and research to understand the sensitivity of organisms and ecosystems to ocean acidification to make predictions about the future, allowing communities and industries to prepare

Closeup of oysters cupped in someone's hands

MANAGEMENT

Using these models and predictions as tools to facilitate management strategies that will protect marine resources and communities from future changes

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

Developing innovative tools to help monitor ocean acidification and mitigate changing ocean chemistry locally

REDUCING OUR CARBON FOOTPRINT

50 more ways to reduce your carbon footprint >

On the Road

Drive fuel-efficient vehicles or choose public transportation. Choose your bike or walk! Don't sit idle for more than 30 seconds. Keep your tires properly inflated.

With your Food Choices

Eat local- this helps cut down on production and transport! Reduce your meat and dairy. Compost to avoid food waste ending up in the landfill

With your Food Choices

Make energy-efficient choices for your appliances and lighting. Heat and cool efficiently! Change your air filters and program your thermostat, seal and insulate your home, and support clean energy sources

By Reducing Coastal Acidification

Reduce your use of fertilizers, Improve sewage treatment and run off, and Protect and restore coastal habitats

TAKE ACTION WITH YOUR COMMUNITY

You've taken the first step to learn more about ocean acidification - why not spread this knowledge to your community?

Every community has their unique culture, economy and ecology and what’s at stake from ocean acidification may be different depending on where you live.  As a community member, you can take a larger role in educating the public about ocean acidification. Creating awareness is the first step to taking action.  As communities gain traction, neighboring regions that share marine resources can build larger coalitions to address ocean acidification.  Here are some ideas to get started:

  1. Work with informal educators, such as aquarium outreach programs and local non-profits, to teach the public about ocean acidification. Visit our Education & Outreach page to find the newest tools!
  2. Participate in habitat restoration efforts to restore habitats that help mitigate the effects of coastal acidification
  3. Facilitate conversations with local businesses that might be affected by ocean acidification, building a plan for the future.
  4. Partner with local community efforts to mitigate the driver behind ocean acidification  – excess CO2 – such as community supported agriculture, bike & car shares and other public transportation options.
  5. Contact your regional Coastal Acidification Network (CAN) to learn how OA is affecting your region and more ideas about how you can get involved in your community
       More for Taking Community Action